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Make America Great Again Rally in Lebanon

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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential entrada before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Brand America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let'southward Brand America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton too used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential entrada and used it once more in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary campaign. Douglas Schoen has chosen Trump's use of the phrase "probably the about resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in turn down.[2] [three]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the Us, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [6] [seven] The slogan was also at the centre of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assail hoax and the Jan 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [ten] [11]

Apply before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th Usa Congress in anticipation of the 1940 Us presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. In that location are 130,000,000 of usa. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital letter, and management; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will afford vision. That will make America great again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was constitute in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater'southward unsuccessful 1964 presidential entrada.[thirteen]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let'south make America great once again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked past stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amongst the electorate.[fourteen] [xv] [16] [17] Inside his credence speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without chore opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abased hope, nosotros'll restore promise and we'll welcome them into a great national cause to make America not bad again."[18] [19]

Neb Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Neb Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary entrada.[22]

During the 2016 electoral entrada, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a entrada rallying cry, was a bulletin to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economy you had fifty years ago, and... movement you lot back upwardly on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'southward volume near her unsuccessful 2010 bid every bit the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published past St. Martin's Printing on August xvi, 2011, as Troublemaker: Allow's Do What Information technology Takes to Make America Nifty Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Once more" cap during his 2016 presidential entrada

In Dec 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running equally a presidential candidate in the time to come, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America smashing once more."[25] Likewise in December 2011, he published a book using as a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Great Once more!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Over again" by stitching information technology onto his widely distributed cap

On January ane, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of Land's office to create the "Brand America Keen Again Party", which would accept allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to become a tertiary-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on Nov 7, 2012, the day later on Barack Obama won his reelection against Paw Romney. By his ain business relationship, Trump outset considered "Nosotros Will Brand America Bang-up", but did not feel like it had the right "band" to information technology. "Make America Swell" was his adjacent slogan idea, only upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's apply in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark information technology.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the U.s. Patent and Trademark Part requesting sectional rights to utilize the slogan for political purposes. Information technology was registered as a service mark on July 14, 2015, afterwards Trump formally began his 2016 presidential entrada and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early as Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Brand America Great Once more" on a roadside in California before long afterwards the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Go along America Groovy" chapeau in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, peculiarly past wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became pop among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at one point it spent more than on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent hat ten to one. "...but information technology was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that's an advertizing."[28]

Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Proceed America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Yet, Trump's 2020 campaign continued to utilise the "Make America Bang-up Again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule.[36] In tardily 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[37]

Less than a calendar week afterwards Trump left function, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Peachy Over again Party". In his starting time few days out of part, he as well supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who too chosen for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party every bit leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the Business firm.[38] [39]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My employ of social media is non Presidential – it'southward MODERN Mean solar day PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Swell Again!" on July 1, 2017.[40]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a mail service's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[41]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 ballot with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] According to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter lonely include: ane,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and iii,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]

Donald Trump prepare his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the proclamation (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May 3, 2016) and subsequently winning the presidency.[44]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vox of America journalist, among others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because information technology "doesn't simply appeal to people who hear it as racist coded language, just also to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups take become more empowered."[4] Equally Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America Offset did in the early 1940s, with the thought "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed earlier information technology was diluted with other races and other people."[45]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[due west]earing a 'Make America Great Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you wearable one, information technology's a pretty good indication that you lot share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views almost Mexicans, Muslims and edge walls."[6] The Detroit Gratuitous Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this label and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are show of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for biting and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the globe."[48] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[49] [ non-primary source needed ] while about thirty per centum of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[50] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubt about Us President Donald Trump'south views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'faux news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Great Again; America First and Simply' and—nod, nod, wink, flash—to Make America White Again."[51]

Use past others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Great Again [52] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the State of war on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a volume most her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Exercise What It Takes To Make America Great Once again.[53]

After Donald Trump popularized the utilise of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election entrada and to his politics. Trump'southward primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send cease-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump'due south boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 debate.[54] The phrase has as well been parodied in political statements, such equally "Brand America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.South.–Mexico edge.[55] [56]

Use past political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that dandy" during a September 2018 bill signing.[57] [58] Former US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did yous think America was great?"[59] [60] During John McCain'southward memorial service on September ane, 2018, his girl Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made great again because America was always slap-up."[61] Trump after tweeted "Brand AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" subsequently that mean solar day.[62]

Apply by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were unremarkably used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used equally "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[63]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The concluding judgement of the voice communication delivered by him was "make our planet great again."[64]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in October 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "brand Indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[65]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Again".[66] [67]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement take often used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Once again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[68] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary pic named Make the Earth Greta Once again.[69]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" phase backdrop reminiscent of the "Brand America Groovy Once again" catchphrase every bit it appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Adult flick star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an thing with President Trump, took part in a "Brand America Horny Again" strip lodge bout. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the acquirement was donated to Planned Parenthood.[lxx]

Ad [edit]

  • A Douse-a-roos marketing entrada used the slogan "Brand America Douse Again".[71]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Great Again was a street art landscape by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[72] [73]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Bully Once more".[74]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, 2 Dragon Con cosplayers challenge an association with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed as the Globe Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Brand FishCenter Great Over again" hats.[75] [76] [77]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Nifty Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to blueprint a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to article of clothing on Cherry-red Carpet e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[78]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Corking Over again" to Sergeant Nicholas Affections.[79]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Dandy Once again" fez hat in one scene.[80]
  • The Syfy moving-picture show Sharknado five: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Allurement Again".[81]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Ballot Year (2016) is "Keep America Neat" (a phrase Trump would subsequently use as his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with ane stating he does and then "to go along my country [America] nifty".[82] The adjacent film in the franchise, The Outset Purge, was subsequently advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA chapeau.[83]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an gorging Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the motion picture.[84]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his campaign confronting Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat eleven (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombatxi newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld peachy once more".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Once again" in its marketing entrada.[85]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Slap-up Once again" during his oral communication while battling Raiden.[86]

Music [edit]

  • Autumn Out Male child released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Once again.[87]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called Yard.A.T.A, meaning Make America Trap Once again.[88]
  • Make America Rock Again was a rock concert tour.[89]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Loma, chosen their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Once again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA chapeau.
  • U.k. musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest anthology in 2020 called 'Make ANGER Great Once again'[90]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Once more".[91]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Make America Great Again" on his album Exist More Kind (2018).
  • Vocalizer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Swell Over again" a few months afterwards appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[92]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Brand America Skate again in Gamble the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[93]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Brand America Neat Over again.[94]
  • Metal ring Thy Art Is Murder released a vocal chosen "Make America Detest Again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Great Once more".

Sports [edit]

  • And then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat proverb "Make Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Not bad Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a grapheme, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[95] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled faith and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[96]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[97] a satirical volume on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Final Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Once again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family unit.[98] [99] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[99]
  • In the Southward Park episode "Where My State Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump'due south, are seen belongings signs begetting the slogan.[100]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[101] [102] [103] [104]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
  2. ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And then he disrupted American politics". Flim-flam News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November 18, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Annihilation In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Brand America Neat Again' Racist?". Vox of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump entrada swag or symbols of detest?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (Feb five, 2019). "MAGA hats and greasepaint are different forms of expression, but they share a certain unfortunate Deoxyribonucleic acid". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Telephone call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Make America great again', seemed to invoke a render to a Never Never Land of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blueish-colour manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women belong in the dwelling, and the needs of white men were paramount.
  8. ^ "How The Media Covered Jussie Smollett". NPR.org . Retrieved September 15, 2021.
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  33. ^ Smith, Allan (November x, 2016). "'Great again': Donald Trump'due south .gov website is now live". Business Insider . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
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  35. ^ Kumar, Anita (May twenty, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA 2.0 for a pandemic era". Politician. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  36. ^ Hall, Louise (August 25, 2020). "Mike Pence mocked for spin on Trump election slogan". The Contained . Retrieved December 31, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
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  43. ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  44. ^ Trackalytics. "Donald J. Trump Twitter Followers Statistics". Trackalytics . Retrieved Nov 28, 2017.
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  49. ^ http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NPR_PBS-NewsHour_Marist-Poll_USA-NOS-and-Tables_202009171415.pdf[ blank URL PDF ]
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  65. ^ Massola, James (October 20, 2018). "Prabowo wants to 'brand Indonesia groovy again'". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  66. ^ "KD: Gör European union lagom igen" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. May 3, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  67. ^ "Svenskarnas starka stöd för EU kan inte tas för givet" (in Swedish). Swedish Christian Democratic Party. April 5, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

grahamgaince.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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